{"id":3820,"date":"2025-10-15T09:20:59","date_gmt":"2025-10-15T09:20:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.oceantransport.es\/tipus-de-incoterms-claus-per-a-una-gestio-efectiva-de-contractes-comercials-globals\/"},"modified":"2025-11-11T09:22:53","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T09:22:53","slug":"tipus-de-incoterms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.oceantransport.es\/ca\/tipus-de-incoterms\/","title":{"rendered":"Tipus de Incoterms: Claus per a una gesti\u00f3 efectiva de contractes comercials globals"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Entre les eines m\u00e9s importants del comer\u00e7 internacional trobem els Incoterms<\/strong>. Aquests termes, establerts per la Cambra de Comer\u00e7 Internacional (CCI)<\/strong>, defineixen les responsabilitats i els costos entre venedor i comprador en l\u2019intercanvi de mercaderies a escala mundial.<\/p>\n

A Ocean Transport<\/strong>, oferim assessorament expert per ajudar-te a triar els Incoterms<\/strong> m\u00e9s adequats per a les teves operacions. Aquests termes no s\u00f3n simples cl\u00e0usules contractuals: influeixen en la distribuci\u00f3 de costos, la gesti\u00f3 log\u00edstica i la reducci\u00f3 de riscos, impactant directament en l’efici\u00e8ncia del transport de mercaderies a trav\u00e9s de fronteres.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e8 s\u00f3n els Incoterms?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Abans d\u2019explorar-ne els tipus, cal entendre qu\u00e8 s\u00f3n els Incoterms. S\u00f3n un conjunt de regles establertes per la Cambra de Comer\u00e7 Internacional (CCI)<\/strong> que determinen les obligacions del venedor i del comprador en operacions internacionals. Especifica qui s\u2019encarrega dels costos de transport, assegurances, impostos duaners i altres despeses relacionades amb l\u2019enviament de la mercaderia.<\/p>\n

Grups d\u2019Incoterms<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Els Incoterms es divideixen en quatre grans grups, cadascun corresponent a una fase concreta del transport de les mercaderies:<\/p>\n

Grup E \u2013 Sortida<\/strong><\/h3>\n

El venedor compleix la seva obligaci\u00f3 posant les mercaderies a disposici\u00f3 del comprador en les seves instal\u00b7lacions o en un lloc acordat. Des d\u2019aqu\u00ed, el comprador assumeix tots els riscos i costos.<\/p>\n

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    EXW (Ex Works)<\/strong>: El venedor posa la mercaderia a disposici\u00f3 al seu establiment. El comprador es fa c\u00e0rrec de tot a partir d\u2019aqu\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ex Ship<\/strong>: El venedor lliura la mercaderia a bord del vaixell al port de sortida. El comprador assumeix responsabilitats des d\u2019aquest punt.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ex Quay<\/strong>: Similar a Ex Ship, per\u00f2 la mercaderia es lliura al moll, i el comprador en pren el control.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Grup F \u2013 Transport principal no pagat<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    El venedor entrega la mercaderia a un transportista designat pel comprador en un lloc acordat. El risc es transfereix al comprador, per\u00f2 el venedor encara gestiona les formalitats d\u2019exportaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

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      FCA (Free Carrier)<\/strong>: El venedor entrega la mercaderia al transportista. El comprador n\u2019assumeix la responsabilitat a partir d\u2019aquest punt.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      FAS (Free Alongside Ship)<\/strong>: El venedor col\u00b7loca la mercaderia al costat del vaixell. El comprador se\u2019n fa c\u00e0rrec des d\u2019all\u00e0.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      FOB (Free On Board)<\/strong>: El venedor cobreix els costos i riscos fins que la mercaderia \u00e9s a bord del vaixell. Despr\u00e9s, el comprador assumeix la resta.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Grup C \u2013 Transport principal pagat<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      En aquest grup, el venedor paga el transport fins a la destinaci\u00f3 acordada. El risc, per\u00f2, es transfereix abans al comprador.<\/p>\n

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        CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)<\/strong>: El venedor paga els costos, asseguran\u00e7a i transport fins al port de destinaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        CPT (Carriage Paid To)<\/strong>: El venedor paga fins al punt acordat amb el transportista, per\u00f2 no inclou asseguran\u00e7a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To)<\/strong>: Igual que CPT, per\u00f2 inclou asseguran\u00e7a contractada pel venedor.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Grup D \u2013 Arribada<\/strong><\/h3>\n

        Aqu\u00ed, el venedor assumeix tota la responsabilitat fins que la mercaderia arriba al lloc acordat. A partir d\u2019aqu\u00ed, el comprador n\u2019assumeix el risc i els costos.<\/p>\n

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          DAP (Delivered at Place)<\/strong>: El venedor cobreix tots els costos i riscos fins al lloc de destinaci\u00f3 acordat.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          DAT (Delivered at Terminal)<\/strong>: Lliurament en un terminal designat; el venedor en mant\u00e9 la responsabilitat fins all\u00e0.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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          DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)<\/strong>: El venedor paga tots els costos, incloent-hi impostos i taxes, fins a la destinaci\u00f3 final.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Incoterms en el transport mar\u00edtim<\/strong><\/h2>\n

          El transport mar\u00edtim \u00e9s molt habitual en el comer\u00e7 internacional, i alguns Incoterms s\u00f3n especialment rellevants:<\/p>\n

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            CFR (Cost and Freight)<\/strong>: El venedor \u00e9s responsable fins que les mercaderies arriben al port acordat. El comprador en pren el control despr\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            FOB (Free On Board)<\/strong>: El venedor assumeix el control fins al moment en qu\u00e8 la mercaderia s\u2019embarca. A partir d\u2019aqu\u00ed, el comprador n\u2019\u00e9s responsable.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Incoterms en el transport aeri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

            El transport aeri, m\u00e9s r\u00e0pid per\u00f2 m\u00e9s cost\u00f3s, t\u00e9 els seus propis Incoterms habituals:<\/p>\n

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              CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)<\/strong>: El venedor cobreix els costos i l\u2019asseguran\u00e7a fins al port de destinaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              FAS (Free Alongside Ship)<\/strong>: La mercaderia es col\u00b7loca al costat del mitj\u00e0 de transport, i el comprador n\u2019assumeix la responsabilitat des d\u2019aquell punt.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Incoterms en el transport terrestre<\/strong><\/h2>\n

              En el transport terrestre, tant per carretera com per ferrocarril, hi ha Incoterms espec\u00edfics:<\/p>\n

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                FCA (Free Carrier)<\/strong>: El venedor entrega les mercaderies al transportista en un lloc acordat. A partir d\u2019aqu\u00ed, el comprador n\u2019assumeix el risc i el cost.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Els Incoterms<\/strong> s\u00f3n aut\u00e8ntiques guies en la complexitat del comer\u00e7 internacional. Des de la compra fins al lliurament final, cada terme defineix responsabilitats i costos, influint directament en l\u2019efici\u00e8ncia i l\u2019\u00e8xit de les operacions globals. A Ocean Transport<\/strong>, t\u2019ajudem a escollir i aplicar els Incoterms m\u00e9s adequats per a les teves operacions, perqu\u00e8 les teves negociacions siguin clares i les teves expedicions, efectives.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n

                <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Entre les eines m\u00e9s importants del comer\u00e7 internacional trobem els Incoterms. Aquests termes, establerts per la Cambra de Comer\u00e7 Internacional (CCI), defineixen les responsabilitats i els costos entre venedor i comprador en l\u2019intercanvi de mercaderies a escala mundial. A Ocean Transport, oferim assessorament expert per<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3027,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[219,223],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nTipus de Incoterms: Guia detallada - OCEAN TRANSPORT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Descobreix com cadascun dels Incoterms afecta les teves transaccions i pren decisions m\u00e9s informades sobre els enviaments de la teva empresa.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oceantransport.es\/ca\/tipus-de-incoterms\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tipus de Incoterms: Guia detallada - OCEAN TRANSPORT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Descobreix com cadascun dels Incoterms afecta les teves transaccions i pren decisions m\u00e9s informades sobre els enviaments de la teva empresa.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.oceantransport.es\/ca\/tipus-de-incoterms\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"OCEAN TRANSPORT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-10-15T09:20:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-11-11T09:22:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.oceantransport.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/tipos-de-incoterms.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"550\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sergi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrit per\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sergi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Temps estimat de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minuts\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.oceantransport.es\/ca\/tipus-de-incoterms\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oceantransport.es\/ca\/tipus-de-incoterms\/\",\"name\":\"Tipus de Incoterms: Guia detallada - 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